THE ATTACK
By Tom Lamb,
with Addendum by Guest Writer

 

Not giving heed to Jewish fables, and commandments of men, that turn from the truth.
Titus 1:14.

Intro:

The Old testament was written in Hebrew for the chosen Jewish nation. The New Testament was written in Greek where the partition between Jew's and Gentiles was broken down so we could all become one new man in Christ.

This following two part article is written in response to the many people who have e-mailed me trying to persuade myself over to the Hebrew Roots Camp. Generally I have found these people to be varied in their opinions in regards to doctrine; some moderate (still believing in the Trinity) and others in complete heresy (omitting the name Jesus Christ from their faith). The majority of these sincere people have used the gentle diplomatic approach in their argument to win us across, where a few others have been aggressive, and down-right rude and even abusive, when we wouldn't skip to their tune. On all occasions have I found them very persistent, rabbinic centred, and usually attacking the sacred name of our Lord Jesus Christ one way or another.

Update 7 is a simplified way of exposing their Hebrew Roots Movement and how believers have been seduced away from the New Testament written in Greek (the universal language of the day) and providentially translated into English (the universal language for the closing hours), with the purpose of restoring them back to the faith which was once delivered unto the saints. This is followed-up by Update 8, which is more of an in-depth study exposing the sources and occultic connections to this Movement, which is no doubt part of the Great Falling Away delusion of the final hour, even more subtle and dangerous than the false Signs and Wonders Movement, the Word of Faith Movement, and Dominion Theology.

Unlike it's Gentile counterpart the Alexandrian School of Thought, which throws doubt on finding the right source of the Greek, giving it's Scholars the final authority in interpretation, the H.R. Movement has been successful in discrediting the Greek New Testament and replacing it with the so-called Hebrew / Aramaic originals. This places the final authority in regards to interpreting scripture in the hands of it's rabbinic teachers. Once achieved, then the sacred name of our Lord Jesus Christ comes under scrutiny.


Pure language for a pure name:

During the last hours of these last days (when English would be the universal language of the world) the Lord in His manifold wisdom has chosen this language to represent His Word, to be written as the plain, simple, uncloistered and easily comprehended words of His gospel to the world at all levels of class and culture. God foresaw this language would be the 'world language' in the closing hours, presenting His pure, preserved and inerrant autograph with the message ... whosoever shall call upon the name of the Lord shall be saved.

Zep. 3:9. For then will I turn to the people a pure language (Elizabethan period English), that they may all call upon the name of the LORD, to serve him with one consent.

God is not a God of confusion; He makes Himself known by one name through His revealed word, namely the Holy Bible. As He has placed His word above all His name, then the one who would be audacious enough to replace or change His word would be the one who would be audacious as to replace or change His name. This is presently occurring in Christendom, as the Great Falling Away (from His word) process intensifies, and mankind is conditioned to receive another name ... the name of the False Christ of the New Age:

John 5:43. I (Jesus) am come in my Father's name, and ye receive me not: if another shall come in his own name, him ye will receive.


His Name under siege:

Is. 9:16. For the leaders of this people cause them to err; and they that are led of them are destroyed.

The most subtle attack of this process is coming through the Hebrew Roots Movement. The New Age goddess, namely Gaia, is too obvious for the fundamental Christian to be deceived. If (for argument sake) the Holy Bible is only a rehash of the originals (as the "hath God said school" declares), and not an inspired translation from the preserved Greek 'Received Text' (where the Authorized Bible derived from), then whoever is instigating the notion of "getting back to the Hebrew roots", and can impart this notion to others, creates a ready- made audience to present the "originals" in his own light, therefore making himself the Higher Critic ...

"the Greek is a perversion of the originals ..." "better and more reliable manuscripts say ..." "better knowledge has come to light ..." "according to extra biblical commentary ..." "the Hebrew root word for this passage is ..." And thus and so ...

... placing the Higher Critic above your God given English version, and making him an instrument of "divine revelation" instead of the Holy Spirit who leads us into all truth.

Therefore, more digging is required as things get more complicated, and more credentialed professionals are necessary to unravel the language and cultural barriers, along with the secrets hidden in the past.

It starts off very innocently, as the gospel is presented in it's true context to be of relevance to the Jewish people (as it is for all people) and win them to Christ; the following verse fitting a sincere motive:

1 Cor. 9:20. And unto the Jews I became as a Jew, that I might gain the Jews; to them that are under the law, as under the law, that I might gain them that are under the law ...

So the Greek title (translated to English) JESUS, translates back to the Hebrew title 'Yashua' and is presented to relate to the Hebrew speaking people. Christ becomes the Messiah they are hoping for as 'Ha Mashiach' in Hebrew.

For this we can rejoice and praise God for, as many Jewish people have found, or are finding Messiah Jesus as Saviour through this revelation, as many other nationalities are finding Him through the Bible being translated into their language.

However, any truth taken to extreme ends in error ... as Hebrew in many circles has been promoted as the favoured language above the language of the complete 1611 inspired translation, and given supreme importance as justified through the Old Testament being originally written in Hebrew, and the Jewish people being the original chosen people of God. Therefore, everything Jewish is being seen as being of God, and importance is placed on the Torah (the Jewish book of laws) on a par with the New Testament, as Gentile believers find themselves fallen prey to this type of reasoning as the Galatians were at the beginning of the New Testament era.

Paul (a Jewish believer from the strictive of the Jewish sects) made it clear ... you can't have one and the other, as the new has cancelled out the old:

Gal. 1:6-7. I marvel that ye are so soon removed from him that called you into the grace of Christ unto another gospel: Which is not another; but there be some that trouble you, and would pervert the gospel of Christ.

Paul clarified it was the Jewish religion he was saved from, that was responsible for this falling away in his day, and was warning the Gentile Galatian Believers not to be entangled with it:

Gal. 1: 13-14 . For ye have heard of my conversation in time past in the Jews' religion, how that beyond measure I persecuted the church of God, and wasted it: And profited in the Jews' religion above many my equals in mine own nation, being more exceedingly zealous of the traditions of my fathers.

Read Acts 15: 5-24 and you will see the church made a distinction between the old and the new with this final conclusion:

Acts 15:24. Forasmuch as we have heard, that certain which went out from us have troubled you with words, subverting your souls, saying, Ye must be circumcised, and keep the law: to whom we gave no such commandment:

Therefore, the Name Jesus (derived from Joshua - Jehovah saves) as Christ, the English name taken from the Greek (as the New Testament was written in Greek, the universal language of its day) is the hallowed name of God coming in the flesh. And is exalted as the Name above every other name, the only name whereby man can be saved, as the true and relevant name today ... that whosoever shall call upon this Name, shall find salvation and favour with his Maker.

Yes!! ... Jesus is His name!


Which name:

Mal. 1:11. For from the rising of the sun even unto the going down of the same my name shall be great among the Gentiles; and in every place incense shall be offered unto my name, and a pure offering: for my name shall be great among the heathen, saith the LORD of hosts.

Whose name do we call out to when we want to be saved? In whose name are we sent? In whose name do we pray, preach, teach, and exercise divine authority?

Is it ... Jeshua, Yeshua, Yeshuah, Yehshua, Yehshuah, YESHUA, YESHUAH, YEHSHUA, YEHSHUAH, Yeshouah, Y'shua, Y'shuah, Jeshu, Yeshu, Yehoshua, Yehoshuah, YHVHShua, YHVHShuah, Yhvhshua, Yhwhshua, YHWHShua, YHWHShuah, Yhvhshuah, Yhwhshuah, Yahvehshua, Yahwehshua, Yahvehshuah, Yahwehshuah, Jahshua, Jahshuah, Jashua, Jashuah, Jahoshua, Jahoshuah, Jehoshua, Jehoshuah, Yashua, Yashuah, Yahshua, Yahshuah, YAHSHUA, YAHSHUAH, YASHUA, YASHUAH, Yahushua, Yahushuah, Yahoshua, Yahoshuah, Yaohushua, YAOHUSHUA, Yaohushuah, Iahoshua, Iahoshuah, Iahushua, or Iahushuah?

Matt. 28: 18-19. And Jesus came and spake unto them, saying, All power is given unto me in heaven and in earth. Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost ...

What name have believers been commanded to teach and baptize in? ... The same name of the Person whom all power in heaven and earth was given to ... a Jewish man named JESUS! In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost, is the name of Jesus which is Christ, God's anointed one who came in the flesh.

Proof? ... Then go to the Book of Acts (where the words of Jesus were being demonstrated by the apostles and early church) and you will see every baptism of the true Way was done in the name of Jesus, as was the preaching, teaching, deliverance's, healings and miracles.

Deut. 28:10. And all people of the earth shall see that thou art called by the name of the LORD; and they shall be afraid of thee.

Still not convinced!? ... Then tell me why the name presented and exalted in the Authorized 1611 English bible is the most degraded and spat upon name around the world, uttered as a malignant byword by millions, over and over again, every single day? Why don't you hear the name of another god being continually down graded? Why is not the name Yah being cursed, consciously or unconsciously, by the worlds masses?

Because Jesus' name is the most precious name in heaven and earth, and should be treasured above all names, as the only name behind the Person who rendered Satan powerless and broke the chains of sin and death. It is the only name where life and death hang in the balances between whether we deny Him or confess Him. It is the only name where freedom or bondage is in the power of praising His Name or cursing it.

Matt. 1:21. And she shall bring forth a son, and thou shalt call his name JESUS: for he shall save his people from their sins.

His name is JESUS!


The Cult's pagan connection:

Jer. 23:27. Which think to cause my people to forget my name by their dreams which they tell every man to his neighbour, as their fathers have forgotten my name for Baal.

If God's word has been lost then it can be justified that His Name has been lost also. And it would take so-called knowledgeable men who could put us right, so the notion goes.

However, because God has given us His book, with every scripture given by Divine inspiration, we only need to go to His Book to find the Name which is above every other name, the only name by which men can be saved. The cult of Yah have got it wrong because it's roots are not Jewish at all in the scriptural sense, but pagan, and behind the scenes it's mystics have infiltrated Christendom (as it did with Jewish teachings through the Cabbala) leading people astray.

Jude 1:4. For there are certain men crept in unawares, who were before of old ordained to this condemnation, ungodly men, turning the grace of our God into lasciviousness, and denying the only Lord God, and our Lord Jesus Christ.

Jehovah becomes Yahweh. Jesus becomes Yashua. Hence, God is now G-d being referred to as Yah or Jah. This suits the mystics, the secret societies, the covens, along with the ecumenicals and new agers.

The Yah / Jah has become a trendy word through the 80's and 90's from the "Star Wars" craze, to the Rastifarrians, to off-beat Christian sects.

One of these psuedo-Christian HRM website states (both accents mine):

 

We believe that:

Yahweh is God and the only real one,
Yahshua is His son and that
Yahshua is our Saviour and salvation, so there is no oneness or trinity.
The real names are Yahweh and Yahshua.
There is no so called "Church" or one group, but it is a organism in the hearts of people.
We observe the weekly Sabbath from sunset till sunset and also the
Spring and Fall feast, not the "Worldly" feasts.
A new year starts with the first visible new moon, on or after the spring equinox.
By obeying any law we will not be "saved", but we have to obey the laws.
We do not eat unclean food and
believe in the works of the Holy Spirit.
The mark of the beast is the sunday, not a barcode on the forehead or a subcutaneous
microchip!
But mainly we try to love and help each other and like to do that to people, what we also like to experience.

Please don't forget: wisdom is from Yahweh, misunderstanding from men!

Yeshua / Yashua should point to Jesus, not replace Him nor His name.


Let's look at some proof in regards to "Yah's" roots:

Masons commonly refer to their deity as the "Great Architect of the Universe" (G.A.O.T.U.) or the Supreme Being. God is further described as Grand Artificer, Grand Master of the Grand Lodge Above, Jehovah, Allah, Buddha, Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva, or Great Geometer. (The "G" in the Masonic ring can refer to God; it can also refer to geometry.) Masons claim that the actual name for God has been lost (cf. Jn. 14:8,9; Phil. 2:9-11; 1 Jn. 5:20) [HJB] .

The Apostle John warned that those who deny that Jesus is the only Christ and that He came once and for all in the flesh have embraced the spirit of Antichrist (1 Jn 4:1-3).

Every true Christian, in the strictest Masonic view, is therefore, necessarily hated and despised as a divisive, sectarian believer. (Source: 1/95, Flashpoint. )

He who believes Jesus alone is classed a sectarianist. Others who are not adamant in this view will largely escape persecution.

Jim Shaw, a former 33 Mason, says that Masonry is not based on the Bible (referred to as "The Great Light"), but on the Kabala (Cabala), a medieval book of mysticism and magic. Masonic authority Henry Wilson Coil also admits that the Kabala's teachings can be seen in some of the mystical and philosophical degrees of Masonry. Albert Pike (see next), the man responsible for virtually rewriting the Scottish Rite degrees into their present form, said that the Masonic "search after light" leads directly back to the Kabala, the ultimate source of Masonic beliefs (Morals and Dogma ). [HJB]

And in very deed for this cause have I raised thee up, for to shew in thee my power; and that my name may be declared throughout all the earth. Ex 9:16.

The corrupt Hebraic source promotes / purveys the name of God as Yah (Jah / Jehovah) which fits the Masonic god, whereas the Aramaic source purveys God as El Shaddai (woman's breast / life nourisher) fitting the New Age mixed gender god.

Which God do we serve?


Summary:

The Old Testament was written in Hebrew for the Hebrew people, the chosen people of God, to declare His wonders to the world. The New Testament was written in Greek bringing the Kingdom of God to the whole Greek speaking Gentile world, as well as the Jews, that we might all become one people under God.

The partition has been taken down dividing the Hebraic Old Testament and the Greek New Testament: Meaning ... the whole bible (both the old and new) has been translated into English for the English speaking world (both Jew and Gentile) at the threshold of Jesus' return, and as a base been re-translated into other ethnic tongues for non-English speaking people.

In the Old Testament the Lord's name was JEHOVAH (as presented in today's written word), the God of the Jews. In the New Testament the name of the Lord is JESUS, God coming in the flesh for both the Jew and the Gentile, that we might all become one people under God.

----------

In Update 8 we will be responding to the following type of reasoning quoted in a report compiled by Barb Aho ...

Watch Unto Prayer timbarbaho@msn.com http://watch.pair.com/pray.html :

"In summation, since existing New Testament manuscripts are Greek, written to express Hebraic concepts, why be limited to the Greek or English translations when we have Hebrew, now a living language not very different than it was 2000 years ago. The New Testament is in the pattern of the Jewish traditional work of Torah, Mishnah, Haggadah, Halakah, Talmud and Midrash, but inspired by God Himself for the common people. These Hebraic works as well as the Inspired Scriptures were quoted from by Jesus and all the writers of the New Testament. But even now, to have full comprehension, we must read the scriptures in the proper Hebraic context." "Most all of the Judaic writings have been preserved for us and now translated into proper English directly from the Hebrew, as well as explained in true Hebraic manner. Therefore, why not go to this material and study ourselves approved before God with full context and understanding?"

Is. 9:16. For the leaders of this people cause them to err; and they that are led of them are destroyed.


A Hebraic Roots Exposé

Not giving heed to Jewish fables, and commandments of men, that turn from the truth. Titus 1:14


A follow-up on Update 7... The Attack.

Dear Tom,

The following is a write-up I have done which proves that the sources used by the Hebrew Roots Movement (Talmud, Mishnah, Midrash, etc.) evolved into and purvey the same occult teachings as the Kabbalah/Zohar. The Appendix to this report, provided by Vicky Dillen, adds further documentation showing that these sources are in total opposition to Scripture. These are facts of which every follower of the Hebrew Roots view of Christianity should be apprised, but all seem to be totally unaware.

I am so glad you are addressing this subject and will be glad to share any information I have in the future. Let us pray that the Holy Spirit will reveal to disciples of the H.R. ministries the truths of Christian liberty expressed in the book of Galatians and lead them out of this movement, which otherwise will eventually deliver them into the dreadful bondage of the Noahide Laws and the global Kabbalist/Freemasonic New World Order.

May God bless you, __________


THE HEBRAIC ROOTS MOVEMENT

Peter Michas' essay "Is The New Testament Hebrew/Aramaic or Greek?" maintains that the original Gospels were written in Hebrew and/or Aramaic, translated into Greek and are therefore not reliable, especially having passed through successive translations to the English New Testament used by English speaking Christians today. The solution to this problem, according to Michas, is to turn to the O.T. and Jewish traditions to determine the truth of the New Testament. Peter Michas advocates reliance upon the Jewish Mishnah, Haggadah, Halakah, Talmud and Midrash, along with the Torah (first five books of the Old Testament), as better commentaries on New Testament doctrine than the Greek and English New Testaments themselves, which he claims are inferior translations of the presumed Hebrew/Aramaic originals:

Is The New Testament Hebrew/Aramaic or Greek? http://www.ezl.com/~peterm/HB.GK.RF.HTML

"In summation, since existing New Testament manuscripts are Greek, written to express Hebraic concepts, why be limited to the Greek or English translations when we have Hebrew, now a living language not very different than it was 2000 years ago. The New Testament is in the pattern of the Jewish traditional work of Torah, Mishnah, Haggadah, Halakah, Talmud and Midrash, but inspired by God Himself for the common people. These Hebraic works as well as the Inspired Scriptures were quoted from by Jesus and all the writers of the New Testament. But even now, to have full comprehension, we must read the scriptures in the proper Hebraic context.

"Most all of the Judaic writings have been preserved for us and now translated into proper English directly from the Hebrew, as well as explained in true Hebraic manner. Therefore, why not go to this material and study ourselves approved before God with full context and understanding?"


JEWISH OR OCCULT SOURCES?

Is the New Testament in the pattern of the Mishnah, Haggadah, Halakah, Talmud and Midrash? "Jewish traditional work" refers to the oral traditions that were passed through generations as opposed to the written Torah, the first five books of the Old Testament. The University of Calgary website of Hebrew scholar, Eliezer Segal, Ph.D., indicates that these oral traditions originated in ancient Babylon and were handed through successive generations until they were compiled in the Kabbalah during the third to twelfth centuries A.D. or C.E., the Common Era. Some information about the Mishnah, Haggadah, Halakah, Talmud and Midrash, may be obtained from Dr. Segal's website, which is cited in this report along with other authoritative sources, to give the reader an overview of the origins, history and nature of these sources.

[NOTE: Dr. Segal received his M.A. and Ph.D. in the Talmud Dept. at Hebrew University. He is the recipient of several scholarships and grants in Talmud and Babylonian Midrash studies, has taught the Talmud, Mishnah, Midrash and Rabbinics, published books and articles on the Babylonian Talmud, Midrash, and Haggadah. Dr. Segal is a lecturer on "Jewish Mysticism," "Halakha, Holidays and History", "On Completing the Babylonian Talmud," "Ecology and the Environment: Halacha and Reality," "Burned, Banned and Best Seller: The Talmud," "Joseph and Osiris," and other subjects. He has participated in a number of interfaith dialogues. On his site is also found the full explanation of The Ten Sefirot of the Kabbalah: http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~elsegal/ ]


THE MISHNAH

The Mishnah is the early Talmud or the forerunner of the Talmud. To the Mishnah the rabbis later added the Gemara (rabbinical commentaries). Together these comprise the Talmud. Scholars will claim that the Talmud is partly a collection of oral traditions given by Moses which had not yet been written down in Jesus' time. However, Christ condemned the traditions of the Mishnah (early Talmud) and the Scribes and Pharisees who taught it, because their oral traditions contradicted the teachings of Scripture. The dire warning of Jesus Christ regarding the traditions of men which make null and void the Word of God (Mark 7:1-13) seems to be a reference to the Mishnah, which was later compiled (c. 200 A.D.) by Rabbi Judah ben Simeon, who presided over Judaism's supreme judiciary and legislative body, the Sanhedrin.

http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~elsegal/TalmudMap/Mishnah.html#Term

"Mishnah can refer in a general way to the full tradition of the Oral Torah, as formulated by the Rabbis in the first centuries of the Common Era. These traditions could not be written down, but had to be transmitted and learned by word of mouth. This restriction was observed quite scrupulously throughout the eras of the Mishnah and Talmud. "The Jewish sages whose statements are quoted in the Mishnah are known as Tanna'im* (singular: 'Tanna'), derived from the Aramaic root related to the Hebrew 'ShNH.' The era in which the Mishnah was developed is therefore referred to as the 'Tanna'itic' era."

*IMPORTANT NOTE ON THE TANNA'IM

The Jewish sages referred to as Tanna'im are, in fact, the high initiates of Kabbalah. THE THEOSOPHICAL GLOSSARY of Mme. H.P. Blavatsky shows the correlation between Tanaim and Kabbalah:

"TANAIM (Heb.). Jewish Initiates, very learned Kabbalists in ancient times. The Talmud contains sundry legends about them and gives the chief names of them."

"KABALIST. >From Q B L H, Kabalah, an unwritten or oral tradition. The kabalist is a student of 'secret science,' one who interprets hidden meaning of the Scriptures with the help of the symbolical Kabala, and explains the real one by these means. The TANAIM were the first kabalists among the Jews; they appeared at Jerusalem about the beginning of the third century before the Christian Era... This secret doctrine is identical with that of the Chaldeans, and includes at the same time much of the Persian wisdom, or 'magic'." (caps added)

"KABALAH (Heb.) The hidden wisdom of the Hebrew Rabbis of the middle ages derived from the secret doctrines concerning divine things and cosmogony, which were combined into a theology after the time of the captivity of the Jews in Babylon. All the works that fall under the esoteric category are termed Kabbalistic..."

There appears to be disagreement as to when the oral traditions took on a written form. However, Dr. Segal confirms that the Mishnah was developed and disseminated from a fixed body of teaching that originated in ancient Babylon (Chaldea):

"Although there are traditions in the Mishnah that claim to go back to the fifth century B.C.E. (the 'Great Assembly'; cf. Nehemiah 8-10), as well as a few additions from as late as the mid-third century, the main body of the Mishnah consists of teachings attributed to authorites from about the middle of the first century, through to the second decade of the third century C.E. This time period witnessed some major historical turning-points for the Jewish nation, such as the destruction of the Second Jerusalem Temple in 70, and the catastrophic failure of the revolt against Rome under the leadership of Simeon bar Kokhba (or: bar Kuziba) in 135. Because the Mishnah is a technical work of religious law, these momentous historical events find almost no explicit mention in the Mishnah, even though the very composition of the Mishnah is often viewed as a response to those very events...

"All ancient sources are in agreement that the Mishnah was compiled by Rabbi Judah the 'Prince,' before his death around 217 C.E. On the author see below. It should be emphasized that--contrary to a view that appears in many histories and introductions, and which is based on the writings of medieval Spanish Jewish authorities [ed: see Sephardic Jews below] --this redaction did not involve writing down the traditions, but merely the determining and organizing of a fixed text that was subsequently disseminated by memory. It is clear from the internal evidence of the Talmud that the teachings of the Rabbis continued to be studied orally throughout the Talmudic era, and this continued to be the practice in the Babylonian academies well into the middle ages...

"Rabbi Judah ben Simeon bore the Hebrew title of 'Nasi,' signifying the position of Patriarch, the official political representative of the Jewish people. From an internal Jewish perspective, the Nasi presided over Judaism's supreme judiciary and legislative body, the Sanhedrin. The title had become a hereditary one, almost without interruption, since the days of the revered Hillel the Elder in the first century B.C.E."


THE MISHNAH TORAH

The Jews of Spain who followed Babylonian rather than Palestinian Jewish traditions were exiled to Sepharad, from whence they have been credited with disseminating Cabalism throughout Europe. [See Encarta and Grolier's Encyclopedia entries on the Sephardim below] Amongst the most important Jewish thinkers from the Sephardic tradition was Moses Maimonides:

Continuation of Eliezer Segal, Ph.D., U. of Calgary commentary: http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~elsegal/TalmudMap/Maimonides.html

"[Moses Maimonides] lived from 1138 to 1204. He spent ten full years compiling the Mishneh Torah, which he continued to revise throughout his lifetime. Moses Maimonides (Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon, usually referred to in Hebrew by the acronym "RaMBa"M) was one of the towering figures in medieval intellectual and religious life. In addition to his law code, he excelled in the fields of philosophy, science, medicine, exegesis and communal leadership. Though born in Spain, in his youth his family fled religious persecution, settling in Egypt...

"Maimonides' Mishneh Torah was intended to be a summary of the entire body of Jewish religious law... It opens with a section on systematic philosophical theology, derived largely from Aristotelian science and metaphysics, which it regards as the most important component of Jewish law. Most other Jewish codes avoided mixing creed and religious law; and Maimonides' interpretation of Jewish religion in terms of Greek ideas aroused much opposition."

In Chapter 10 of the English Translation, Maimonides' Mishnah Torah curses Jesus Christ:

"It is a mitzvah [religious duty; ARC], however, to eradicate Jewish traitors, minnim, and apikorsim, and to cause them to descend to the pit of destruction, since they cause difficulty to the Jews and sway the people away from God, as did Jesus of Nazareth and his students, and Tzadok, Baithos, and their students. May the name of the wicked rot." (p. 184)


THE TALMUD

http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~elsegal/TalmudMap/Gemara.html

The Babylonian Talmud is a commentary on the Mishnah composed by Babylonian Jewish sages (Ravs) from the early third to the sixth century. A Jewish sage who was from Babylonia would have been addressed by the title, 'Rav,' while one who lived in Israel would have been called 'Rabbi.' One portion of the Talmud dealt with folklore, especially magical and medical recipes. The following statement, from TORAH TO KABBALAH by R.C. Musaph-Andriesse, on the primacy of the Babylonian Talmud (T.B.) is representative of Jewish scholarship:

"There are two editions of the Talmud, the Jerusalem Talmud and the Babylonian Talmud. Of these two, the Babylonian Talmud is authoritative for Orthodox Judaism, which regards it as divinely inspired... The superiority of the Babylonian Talmud is so great, that when people now talk about the Talmud, they always mean the Babylonian Talmud. The authority of the Babylonian Talmud is also greater than that of the Jerusalem Talmud. In cases of doubt the former is decisive." (pg. 40, New York, Oxford University, Press, 1982)

Quoting Joseph Barclay in SECRET SOCITIES & SUBVERSIVE MOVEMENTS, Nesta Webster has exposed the virulent anti-Christ teachings of the Talmud:

"So also it was the Rabbis who, after hiding from the people the meaning of the sacred tradition at the moment of its fulfillment, afterwards poisoned that same stream for future generations. Abominable calumnies on Christ and Christianity are found not only in the Cabala but in the earlier editions of the Talmud. In these, says Barclay -- "Our Lord and Saviour is 'that's one', 'such an one', 'a fool', 'the leper,' 'The deceiver of Israel,' etc. Efforts are made to prove that he is the son of Joseph Pandira before his marriage with Mary. His miracles are attributed to sorcery, the secret of which He brought in a slit in His flesh out of Egypt. He is said to have been first stoned and then hanged on the eve of the Passover. His disciples are called heretics and opprobrious names. They are accused of immoral practices, and the New Testament is called a sinful book. The references to these subjects manifest the most bitter aversion and hatred." [Joseph Barclay, The Talmud, pp.38, 39; cf Drach, op. cit I.167] (Omni Publications, 1964, p.18-19)


THE MIDRASH

The Tanna'im, the high initiates of Kabbalah, also compiled the Midrash:

http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~elsegal/TalmudMap/Mishnah.html#Term

"In some contexts 'Mishnah' is contrasted with 'Midrash.' The latter term denotes Rabbinic teachings that are attached to the text of the Bible, whereas the former term refers to teachings that are organized or formulated independently of Scripture... "The Mishnah was clearly not designed to encompass the whole of the Oral Torah tradition. The same Rabbis who contributed to it also figured prominently in the Tannai'itic Midrashic collections."

Rabbi Scheinerman's Magical Midrash page also identifies the Midrash as the product of the Tannaitic period:

http://ezra.mts.jhu.edu/~rabbiars/midrash/index.html

"In its classical sense, Midrash, which has as its root the Hebrew word darash, meaning "to seek out," refers to a body of rabbinic literature made up of anthologies of biblical exegesis and homilies dating from the tannaitic period (70_200 c.e.) through to the Middle Ages. The most well known anthology of midrashim is Midrash Rabbah, which provides a running midrashic commentary to the five books of the Torah, as well as to the "five scrolls" (Esther, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, and Song of Songs).

The Encyclopedia Judaica defines this method: "Midrash (midrashim:plural) -- 'The method of interpreting scripture to elucidate legal points (midrash Halakkah) or to bring out lessons by stories or homiletics (midrash Aggadah). Also, the name for a collection of such rabbinic interpretations.'"

Nesta Webster's SECRET SOCIETIES adds:

"... the Jewish Encyclopedia admits that Jewish legends concerning Jesus are found in the Talmud and Midrash and in the life of Jesus (Toledot Yeshu) that originated in the Middle Ages. It is the tendency of all these sources to belittle the person of Jesus by ascribing to Him illegitimate birth, magic, and a shameful death. " [Jewish Encyclopedia, article on Jesus]

The Midrash and midrashic interpretation tend to devalue the literal, historical interpretation of Scripture in favor of private, hidden and even mystical interpretations. For example, Rabbi Scheinerman's Magical Midrash page states:

"Midrash is subversive as it winds its way between and around stern, stark, seemingly stagnant texts. As Judith Plaskow has stated, 'Jews have traditionally used midrash to broaden or alter the meaning of texts' (in Davidman/Tenenbaum, 80). Midrash assumes that the black letters of scripture as well as the white spaces between them are holy; that the explicitly stated as well as that which can be inferred from the Bible can be manifestations of God's word. Midrash is a kind of scriptural archaeology, bidding us not to stop at surface appearances but to dig down deeply into the text to uncover hidden riches..."

Midrashic interpretations permit students of Scripture to explore far beyond the safe boundaries of the sacred canon. Apostates such as Unity minister, Rev. J. Ronald Jones, are permitted nearly unlimited license using midrashim to support their false teachings:

http://www.unityspokane.com/Ron/Midrash.html

"Midrash requires that anything to be venerated in the present must be connected with sacred moments of Jewish history. It is the accepted way of incorporating timelessness, continuity, and authority into a sacred narrative. Jesus' life was thus connected to Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Moses, David, Daniel, Elijah, Elisha, '2 Isaiah,' and others. The virgin birth story was made to mirror earlier stories of Zoroaster and Romulus and Remus; and the ascension story was made to mirror earlier stories of the Buddha and Osiris...

"How does a text lose its historical focus? The closing of the canon removes a collection of sacred writings from the temporal process. No subsequent event, world view, conventional wisdom, or cultural value has the power to change the canon. No new writings can be added. Quite the opposite, new events must be interpreted with the aid of the canon. The canon stands beyond Time as a judge of temporal events.

"Both Jewish and liberal Christian communities agree that the Bible as canon still permits perpetual interpretation. They accept it as normal that there can be an infinite variety of interpretations all 'inspired' by the text. The goal is to 'search out' the fullness of what was spoken by God. It is only through a process of dialogue within a community of faith that knowledge of God's revelation grows and becomes the Word of God for the present generation. Visotzky notes: 'There is no one common reading of Scripture that everyone can agree with--and there never has been.'6 When a community of faith insists on a single, normative reading that everyone must 'swear to,' it is on the verge of death as a vital community.

"As a methodology, Midrash tends to minimize the authority of the wording of the text. It places the focus on the reader, and on the personal struggle of the reader to reach an acceptable moral application of the text. While it is always governed to some degree by the wording of the text, it allows the reader to project his or her inner struggle into the text. This allows for some very powerful and moving interpretations which, to the ordinary user of language, can seem to have very little connection with the text. The great weakness of this method is that it always threatens to replace the text with an outpouring of personal reflection. At its best it requires the presence of mystical insight not given to all readers."


THE HAGGADAH

Technically, "the Haggada(h)" is a liturgical manual used in the Jewish Passover Seder. The information on this web site indicates that it was also developed by the Ravs in Babylonia in the Middle ages. These are not ancient documents, but were developed during the same period as the Kabbalah.

The History of the Haggadah http://www.ohr.org.il/special/pesach/hagghist.htm

"The word Haggadah comes from the Torah command - 'And you shall tell (v'Higadeta) your children on that day...' Although the minimal fulfillment of this mitzvah is a simple recounting of the going out of Egypt and explaining a few of the Pesach symbols, proper fulfillment requires much more.

"Over the centuries additions have been made to the Haggadah to enhance this mitzvah. Many of these additions gained such wide acceptance that they became part of the Haggadah. One of those additions is the Chad Gadya. Another is 'Dayeinu.' Rav Saadia Gaon (882 CE - 942 CE) included neither in his Haggadah, although he did recognize the existence of Dayeinu. Neither Rashi (1040-1105) nor Maimonides (1135-1204) included Chad Gadya in their versions of the Haggadah, although Rashi did include Dayeinu...

"The metamorphosis of the Haggadah concluded in the late middle ages, aided by the invention of the Printing Press, which enabled the basic Ashkenazic version which had been endorsed by the Ari z'l to be accepted even in Sephardic communities. The text is based upon the Haggadah of Rav Amram Gaon, who headed the Babylonian Yeshiva of Sura between 856-876 CE. This text was endorsed by Rashi. Rav Amram's Haggadah concluded with the after blessing on the fourth cup of wine. It did not include 'Chasal Siddur Pesach'."

The Ashkenazi and Sephardic communities represent two mystical traditions that have developed within Judaism. This explains why an Haggadah is found on the New Age Sirius Community web site which displays the Sephiroth - Tree of Life (path of occult initiation) and a link to The Way of the Kabbalah - http://www.sirius.com/~ovid/haggadah.html

Essential to a study of the Kabbalist traditions is historical background on the origins and theology of both communities. Ashkenazic Jews originated in France, Germany, and Eastern Europe. Sephardic Jews lived in Spain, Portugal, North Africa and the Middle East. The ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RELIGION describes Ashkenazik Hasidism, which emerged from Germany in the late 12th C., as a form of Jewish mysticism.


ASHKENAZIK HASIDIM

"The German-Jewish pietists built their own understanding of hasid, or 'pietist,' upon the cumulative foundation of earlier meanings but moved in new directions as well. Their worldview was grounded in the idea that God's will is only partial revealed in the words of the Pentateuch, or the Torah, given to the prophet Moses at Mount Sinai. God's will requires of the truly faithful and punctilious Jew, that is, of the hasid, a search for a hidden and infinitely demanding additional torah, which God encoded in the words of scripture...

"Along with Maimonidean religious philosophy, theosophical mysticism, or Qabbalah, and the scholastic legal achievement of the glossators of the Talmud, German-Jewish pietism permanently reshaped classical Judaism into traditional Judaism, which lasted down to the modern period...Their writings about manipulating the divine name in the form of permutations of the Hebrew alphabet to achieve mystical and magical goal, decidedly influenced later Jewish mysticism in Spain." (Vol. I, p. 458)


SEPHARDIC JEWS

The Sephardic Jews are descendants of the large Jewish community living in Spain and Portugal in the Middle Ages. In 1391, under the Papal Inquisition, there was a massacre of thousands of Jews in the Iberian Peninsula. The Sephardic Jews have been credited with disseminating Cabalism throughout Europe, after they were forcibly expelled by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella in 1492. The Urantia Book Fellowship notes: "The greatest figure in Spanish Judaism was the philosopher, talmudist, and physician, Maimonides (1135-1204). He attempted to harmonize Judaism with the philosophy of Aristotle."

The Encarta Concise Encyclopedia entry "Cabala" identifies its origins in Spain and France:

"Cabala, generically, Jewish mysticism in all its forms; specifically, the esoteric theosophy that crystallized in 13th-century Spain and Provence, France, around Sefer Ha-Zohar (The Book of Splendor), referred to as the Zohar. Cabala's roots are in Hellenistic astral mysticism, in which the adept, through meditation and the use of magic formulas, journeys ecstatically through and beyond the seven astral spheres. Medieval Spanish Cabala, the most important form of Jewish mysticism, is more concerned with esoteric knowledge about the nature of the divine world and its hidden connections with the world of creation. "According to the Zohar, above and beyond all human contemplation is God as he is in himself, the unknowable, immutable En Sof (Infinite). Zoharic theosophy concentrates on ten sefirot (realms or planes) as symbols of the inner life and processes of the Godhead. Because they are also archetypes for everything in the world of creation, understanding their workings can illuminate the inner workings of the cosmos and of history. This cosmic aspect was dramatically developed in 16th-century Lurianic Cabala, which arose in response to the cataclysmic experience of Jewish exiles expelled from Iberia in the 1490s, and which projected that experience onto the divine world." The extent of the dispersion is documented by Groliers' Encyclopedia, which also confirms the Sephardim as followers of the occult traditions of ancient Babylon:

"The Sephardim are those Jews who follow the liturgy and customs developed by the Jews of medieval Spain and Portugal. The name comes from Sepharad, a place of exile mentioned in Obadiah 20 and early identified with Iberia. Unlike the Ashkenazim, those Jews who settled in German lands, the Sephardim followed Babylonian rather than Palestinian Jewish traditions. They also developed their own language, Ladino, or Judeo-Spanish, a blend of medieval Castilian, Hebrew, Arabic, and other elements. There is a considerable body of Ladino literature.

"After the expulsion of the Jews from Spain (1492) and Portugal (1497) many Sephardim formed communities in the lands of the Ottoman Empire--the Balkans, North Africa, and the Middle East. Others remained in Iberia, nominally converting to Christianity. Vilified as Marranos ('pigs'), they were subject to continuing persecution, and most eventually left to form communities in northwestern Europe--Amsterdam became a particularly important center. Sephardic traditions were largely adopted by local Jewish groups in the Middle East and North Africa; hence, today the term Sephardim is loosely applied to all Jews native to those areas. Among important Jewish thinkers from the Sephardic tradition are Solomon ibn Gabirol, Moses Maimonides, and Baruch Spinoza."


THE NOAHIDE LAWS

Presently, there is a vast movement afoot with many points of entry (Lubavitcher Movement, Nazarene Movement, Hebraic Roots/Messianic Movement, Latter Rain/Roman Catholic Year of Jubilee) to bring all of mankind under the Law. These trendy movements to adopt the customs and feasts of the Mosaic Covenant are effectively laying the groundwork to mobilize the Church for Jay Gary's call to "experience the Jubilee" Year in AD 2000 and be "reconciled to our spiritual roots." Jay Gary wrote in THE STAR OF 2000:

"The annual calendar of Israel was built around three major festivals: Passover, Pentecost and Tabernacles... The Year of Jubilee encompassed these three festivals, only raised to a higher power ...Then, as well as today, Jesus calls us to experience His jubilee... It's time to blow the ancient trumpet. It's time to be reconciled to our spiritual roots." (pp. 84, 85)

This massive movement also seems to be leading toward the global establishment of the Noahide Laws (already U.S. law), for which disobedience the penalty is beheading (Rev. 20:4) THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF JUDIASM lists these seven universal laws and indicates their binding nature on all Gentiles:

"Full-page ads in the New York Times and other newspapers have proclaimed: ‘All nations of the world: Fulfill the 7 universal Noahide Laws given to you in the Torah of Moses.’... One additional element of greater severity is that violation of any one of the seven laws subjects the Noahide to capital punishment by decapitation. (Sanh. 57A)"

THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF JUDAISM identifies the Babylonian Talmud (T.B.) as the source of "The Noachide Laws."

"According to Maimonides, acceptance -- on the basis of the Bible -- of the seven universal precepts means that any such righteous Gentile is numbered with 'the pious ones among the nations of the world...deserving a share in the world to come' (Tosef. Sanh 13.2)

(1) Civil justice [the duty to establish a legal system];
(2) Prohibition of blasphemy [which includes the bearing of false witness];
(3) The abandonment of idolatry;
(4) The prohibition of incest [including adultery and other sexual offenses];
(5) The prohibition of murder;
(6) Also that of theft;
(7) The law against eating flesh [a limb] cut from a living animal [ie., cruelty in any shape or form]
(T.B. Sanh. 56A)

Hebrew scholar, Eliezer Segal, documents that the Babylonian Talmud (T.B.) is a commentary on the Mishnah composed by Babylonian Jewish sages (Ravs) from the early third to the sixth century. Although it is claimed by the Lubavitch, Nazarene and Hebraic Roots Movements that the source of the 7 Noahide Laws is the Torah (Genesis-Deuteronomy), it is apparent that Talmud and Mishnah are derived from occult traditions that contradicted and nullifed the teaching of Scripture.

The following appendix cites ample material from Nesta Webster's SECRET SOCIETIES and other resources which demonstrate the occult character of the Jewish sources relied upon by the Lubavitch and Nazarene Movements and, their pseudo-Christian counterpart, the Hebraic Roots Movement.

 

APPENDIX

SECRET SOCIETIES & SUBVERSIVE MOVEMENTS, Nesta H. Webster, Omni Publications, 1964.

P.6. Re: Oral Tradition:Talmud:Cabala

"According to Fabre d'Olivet, Moses, who 'was learned all the wisdom of the Egyptians' drew from the Egyptian mysteries a part of the oral tradition which was handed down through the leaders of the Israelites.

"That such an oral tradition, distinct from the written word embodied in the Pentateuch, did descend from Moses and that it was later committed to writing in the Talmud and the Cabala is the opinion of many Jewish writers." [According to the Jewish view God had given Moses on Mt. Sinai alike the oral and the written Law, that is, the Law with all its interpretations and applications" --Alfred Edersheim]

P.9... Re: Zohar:Talmud:Cabala

"The fact is that the main ideas of the Zohar find confirmation in the Talmud. As the Jewish Encyclopedia observes, 'the Cabala, is not really in opposition to the Talmud,' and "many Talmudic Jews have supported and contributed to it." Adolphe Franch does not hesitate to describe it as "the heart and life of Judaism."

"The greater number of the most eminent rabbis of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries believed firmly in the sacredness of the Zohar and of the infallibility of it's teaching" ( Jewish Encyclopedia, article on Cabala)

P. 8. Re: Cabala--book 1--Sepher Yetzirah

. . . "says that its date has been placed as early as the sixth century before Christ and as late as the tenth century A.D., but that it is at any rate older than the Talmud is shown by the fact that in the Talmud the Rabbis are described as studying it for magical purposes. Sepher Yetzirah is also said to be the work referred to in the Koran under the name of the "Book of Abraham".

P.8. Re: Cabala--book 2--Sepher-Ha-Zohar (Zohar)

. . . "Of the immense compilation known as the Sepher-Ha- Zohar, Book of Light, is ... of greater importance of Cabalistic philosophy. According to the Zohar itself, the 'Mysteries of Wisdom' were imparted to Adam by God whilst he was still in the Garden of Eden, in the form of a book delivered by the angel Razael. From Adam the book passed to Seth ... Enoch... Noah ... Abraham, and later to Moses, one of its principal exponents. Other Jewish writers declare... that Moses received it ... first time on Mt. Sinai. . . to the Seventy Elders. . . to David and Solomon...Ezra...Nehemiah and finally to the Rabbis of the early Christian era"

P.18-19 Re: Christ:Talmud:Cabala

"So also it was the Rabbis who, after hiding from the people the meaning of the sacred tradition at the moment of its fulfillment, afterwards poisoned that same stream for future generations. Abominable calumnies on Christ and Christianity found not only in the Cabala but in the earlier editions of the Talmud. In these, says Barclay -

"Our Lord and Saviour is 'that's one', 'such an one', 'a fool', 'the leper,' 'The deceiver of Israel,' etc. Efforts are made to prove that he is the son of Joseph Pandira before his marriage with Mary. His miracles are attributed to sorcery, the secret of which He brought in a slit in His flesh out of Egypt. He is said to have been first stoned and then hanged on the eve of the Passover. His disciples are called heretics and opprobrius names. They are accused of immoral practices, and the New Testament is called a sinful book. The references to these subjects manifest the most bitter aversion and hatred. " [Joseph Barclay, The Talmud, pp.38, 39; cf Drach, op. cit I.167]

P. 20 Re: Cabala: Talmud: Christ:

"... the Jewish Encyclopedia admits that Jewish legends concerning Jesus are found in the Talmud and Midrash and in " the life of Jesus (Toledot Yeshu) that originated in the Middle Ages. It is the tendency of all these sources to belittle the person of Jesus by ascribing to Him illegitimate birth, magic, and a shameful death. " [Jewish Encyclopedia, article on Jesus]

P. 8 Re: Cabal sources/origins

"...Until this date the Zohar had remained a purely oral tradition ... written down by the disciples of Simon ben Jochai. The Talmud relates that for 12 years the Rabbi Simon and his son Eliezer concealed themselves in a cavern, where sitting in the sand up to their necks, they meditated on the sacred law and were frequently visited by the prophet Elias. In this way, Jewish legend adds, the great book of the Zohar was composed and committed to writing by the Rabbis' son Eliezer and his secretary Rabbi Abba."

P. 23 re: Cabala: Talmud: Christ: Essenes

"... A subtler device for discrediting Christianity and undermining belief in the divine character of our Lord has been adopted ... who set out to prove that He belonged to the sect of the Essenes, ... Thus Jewish historian Graetz declares that Jesus simply appropriated to himself the essential features of Essenism... So after representing Christ as a magician in the Toledot Yeshu and the Talmud, Jewish traditions seeks to explain His miraculous works as those of a mere healer - an idea that we shall find descending right through the secrets of societies to this day ... if of the miracles of Christ were simply due to a knowledge of natural laws and His doctrines were the outcome of a sect, the whole theory of His divine power and mission falls to the ground ..."

P. 299 re: Blavatsky: Talmud: Christ

"... Madam Blavatsky's writings, on the person of Christ, ... 'For me, Jesus Christ, that is to say the Man-God of the Christians, copy of the Avatars of all countries, of the Hindu Chrishna as of the Egyptian Horus, was never a historical personage.' Hence the story of His life was merely an allegory founded on the existence of the "a personage named Jehoshua born at Lud." But elsewhere she asserted that Jesus may have lived during the Christian era or a century earlier 'as the Sepher Toldoth Jehoshua indicates.' And Madame Blavatsky went on to say of the savants who deny the historical value of this legend, that they -- "...either lie or talk nonsense. Is our Masters who affirms it. If the history of Jehoshua or Jesus Ben Pandera is false, then the whole of the Talmud, the whole of the Jewish canon law, is false. It was the disciple of Jehoshua ben Parachai, the fifth President of the Sanhedrin since Ezra, who re-wrote the Bible. ...This story is much truer than that of the New Testament, of which history does not say a word."

P. 21 Re: Cabala: Talmud: and the Toledot Yeshu--referring to Christ

NOTE: Another name for Toledot Yeshu is Sepher Toldoth Jehoshua(Zohar)

"...the Toledot Yeshu relates with the most indecent details that Miriam, a hairdresser of Bethlehem,(4)affianced to a young man named Jochanan, was seduced by a libertine, Joseph Panther or Pandira, and gave birth to a son whom she named Johosuah or Jeschu. According to the Talmudic authors of the Sota and the Sanhedrim, Jeschu was taken during his boyhood to Egypt, where he was initiated into the secrets doctrines of the priests, and on his return to Palestine gave himself up to the practice of magic.(5) The Toledot Yeshu, however, goes on to say that on reaching manhood, Jeschu learnt the secret of his illegitimacy, on account of which he was driven out of the Synagogue and took refuge for a time in Galilee. Now, there was in the Temple a stone on which was engraved the Tetragrammaton or Schem Hamphorasch, that is to say, the Ineffable Name of God; this stone had been found by King David when the foundations of the Temple were being prepared and was deposited by him in the Holy of Holies. Jeschu, knowing this, came from Galilee and, penetrating into the Holy of Holies, read the Ineffable name, which he transcribed on to a piece of whom parchment and concealed in an incision under his skin. By this means he was able to work miracles and to persuade the people that he was the son of God foretold by Isaiah. With the aid of Judas, the Sages of the Synagogue, succeeding in capturing Jeschu, who was then lead before the Great and Little Sanhedrin, by whom he was condemned to be stoned to death and finally hanged" Such is the story of Christ according to the Jewish Kabbalists ..."


Footnotes:

(4) cf. Baring -Gould, op.cit., quoting Talmud, treatise Sabbath, folio 104,
(S. Baring-Gould, The Counter Gospels, 1874)
(5) Ibid.,p.55, quoting Talmud, treatise Sahhedrim,folio 107, and Sota,
folio 47; Eliphas Levi, La Science des Esprits, pp.32,33

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

For more information on the Noahide Laws:

Kabbalist Chabad-Lubavitch in Cyberspace
http://www.chabad.org/gopher/outlook/7laws/7laws.004.htm

The Lubavitch Movement
http://watch.pair.com/law.html

For more information on exposing the HRM:

End Time Ministries
http://www.cth.com.au/corp/despatch/Israel_Tishrei.html
http://www.cth.com.au/corp/despatch/vol83_questions.html

Cross and Word
http://www.banner.org.uk./sum_heb.html

 

 

BACK TO ENTRY PAGE OF JOURNAL